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South Carolina Court Room Hallway

Accessibility Conformance Report

Name of Product/Version: South Carolina Law Review Website

Report Date: December 26, 2023

Product Description: The online version of the South Carolina Law Review is a digital platform that provides legal scholars, professionals, and enthusiasts with access to a comprehensive collection of legal articles, academic research, and scholarly publications pertaining to South Carolina law and legal issues. This website serves as a valuable resource for those seeking in-depth analysis and commentary on legal matters within the state, featuring a wide range of legal topics, case studies, and expert insights.

Contact Information:
Email: sclreic@sc.edu.

Evaluation Methods Used:
This website underwent a comprehensive accessibility evaluation utilizing the WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools, a rigorous assessment process that involves a meticulous examination of various web elements and components to ensure compliance with WCAG 2.1 AA (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Level AA) standards and guidelines for web accessibility.

Note: This evaluation exclusively applies to the public-facing sections of the website and does not include the content management system or website documentation areas. Furthermore, it is important to note that these standards were last assessed as of December 26th, 2023. Any subsequent content additions must be regularly checked to ensure ongoing accessibility compliance.

Applicable Standards/Guidelines

This report covers the degree of conformance for the following accessibility standard/guidelines:

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 Level A (Yes)

  • Level AA (Yes)
  • Level AAA (No)

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 Level A (Yes)

  • Level AA (Yes)
  • Level AAA (No)

Terms

The terms used in the Conformance Level information are defined as follows:

  • Supports: The functionality of the product has at least one method that meets the criterion without known defects or meets with
    equivalent facilitation.
  • Partially Supports: Some functionality of the product does not meet the criterion.
  • Does Not Support: The majority of product functionality does not meet the criterion.
  • Not Applicable: The criterion is not relevant to the product.
  • Not Evaluated: The product has not been evaluated against the criterion. This can be used only in WCAG 2.0 Level AAA.

WCAG 2.1 Report

Note: When reporting on conformance with the WCAG 2.1 Success Criteria, the criteria are scoped for full pages, complete processes,
and accessibility-supported ways of using technology as documented in the WCAG 2.1 Conformance Requirements.

Table 1: Success Criteria, Level A

Criteria Conformance Level Remarks and Explanations

1.1.1 Non-text Content: All non-text content that is presented to the user has a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose, except for the situations listed below. (Level A)

  • Controls, Input: If non-text content is a control or accepts user input, then it has a name that describes its purpose. (Refer to Guideline 4.1 for additional requirements for controls and content that accepts user input.)
  • Time-Based Media: If non-text content is time-based media, then text alternatives at least provide descriptive identification of the non-text content. (Refer to Guideline 1.2 for additional requirements for media.)
  • Test: If non-text content is a test or exercise that would be invalid if presented in text, then text alternatives at least provide descriptive identification of the non-text content.
  • Sensory: If non-text content is primarily intended to create a specific sensory experience, then text alternatives at least provide descriptive identification of the non-text content.
  • CAPTCHAIf the purpose of non-text content is to confirm that content is being accessed by a person rather than a computer, then text alternatives that identify and describe the purpose of the non-text content are provided, and alternative forms of CAPTCHA using output modes for different types of sensory perception are provided to accommodate different disabilities.
  • Decoration, Formatting, Invisible: If non-text content is pure decoration, is used only for visual formatting, or is not presented to users, then it is implemented in a way that it can be ignored by assistive technology.

Supports

The site provides sufficient text alternatives for all instances of non-text content.

1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded): For prerecorded audio-only and prerecorded video-only media, the following are true, except when the audio or video is a media alternative for text and is clearly labeled as such: (Level A)

  • Prerecorded Audio-only: An alternative for time-based media is provided that presents equivalent information for prerecorded audio-only content.
  • Prerecorded Video-only: Either an alternative for time-based media or an audio track is provided that presents equivalent information for prerecorded video-only content.

Not Applicable

The site does not contain prerecorded audio-only or video-only media.

1.2.2 Captions (Prerecorded): Captions are provided for all prerecorded audio content in synchronized media, except when the media is a media alternative for text and is clearly labeled as such. (Level A)

Not Applicable

The site does not contain prerecorded synchronized media.

1.2.3 Audio Description or Media Alternative (Prerecorded): An alternative for time-based media or audio description of the prerecorded video content is provided for synchronized media, except when the media is a media alternative for text and is clearly labeled as such. (Level A)

Not Applicable

The site does not contain prerecorded video content that would require audio description or a media alternative.

1.3.1 Info and Relationships: Information, structure, and relationships conveyed through presentation can be programmatically determined or are available in text. (Level A)

Supports

All information, structural elements, and relationships are conveyed in a way that can be programmatically determined or are available as text content.

1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence: When the sequence in which content is presented affects its meaning, a correct reading sequence can be programmatically determined. (Level A)

Supports

The site content is presented in a meaningful sequence.

1.3.3 Sensory Characteristics: Instructions provided for understanding and operating content do not rely solely on sensory characteristics of components such as shape, size, visual location, orientation, or sound. (Level A)

Supports

Instructions do not rely solely on sensory characteristics.

1.4.1 Use of Color: Color is not used as the only visual means of conveying information, indicating an action, prompting a response, or distinguishing a visual element. (Level A)

Supports

Site content and functionality does not convey information through color alone.

1.4.2 Audio Control: If any audio on a Web page plays automatically for more than 3 seconds, either a mechanism is available to pause or stop the audio, or a mechanism is available to control audio volume independently from the overall system volume level. (Level A)

Not Applicable

Site does make use of audio or automatically playing audio.

2.1.1 Keyboard: All functionality of the content is operable through a keyboard interface without requiring specific timings for individual keystrokes, except where the underlying function requires input that depends on the path of the user’s movement and not just the endpoints. (Level A)

Supports

All site functionality can be accessed and operated using a keyboard.

2.1.2 No Keyboard Trap: If keyboard focus can be moved to a component of the page using a keyboard interface, then focus can be moved away from that component using only a keyboard interface, and, if it requires more than unmodified arrow or tab keys or other standard exit methods, the user is advised of the method for moving focus away. (Level A)

Supports

The site does not include keyboard traps.

2.2.1 Timing Adjustable: For each time limit that is set by the content, at least one of the following is true: (Level A)

  • Turn off: The user is allowed to turn off the time limit before encountering it; or
  • Adjust: The user is allowed to adjust the time limit before encountering it over a wide range that is at least ten times the length of the default setting; or
  • Extend: The user is warned before time expires and given at least 20 seconds to extend the time limit with a simple action (for example, “press the space bar”), and the user is allowed to extend the time limit at least ten times; or
  • Real-time Exception: The time limit is a required part of a real-time event (for example, an auction), and no alternative to the time limit is possible; or
  • Essential Exception: The time limit is essential and extending it would invalidate the activity; or
  • 20 Hour Exception: The time limit is longer than 20 hours.

Not Applicable

The site does not include time limits.

2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide: For moving, blinking, scrolling, or auto-updating information, all of the following are true: (Level A)

  • Moving, blinking, scrolling: For any moving, blinking or scrolling information that (1) starts automatically, (2) lasts more than five seconds, and (3) is presented in parallel with other content, there is a mechanism for the user to pause, stop, or hide it unless the movement, blinking, or scrolling is part of an activity where it is essential; and
  • Auto-updating: For any auto-updating information that (1) starts automatically and (2) is presented in parallel with other content, there is a mechanism for the user to pause, stop, or hide it or to control the frequency of the update unless the auto-updating is part of an activity where it is essential.

Not Applicable

The site does not contain moving, blinking, scrolling, or auto-updating information.

2.3.1 Three Flashes or Below Threshold: Web pages do not contain anything that flashes more than three times in any one second period, or the flash is below the general flash and red flash thresholds. (Level A)

Not Applicable

The site does not contain any flashing content.

2.4.1 Bypass Blocks: A mechanism is available to bypass blocks of content that are repeated on multiple Web pages. (Level A)

Supports

The first element in the focus order is a link that allows users to skip the page header and navigate directly to the main content.

2.4.2 Page Titled: Web pages have titles that describe topic or purpose. (Level A)

Supports

All pages, posts and articles contain descriptive titles.

2.4.3 Focus Order: If a Web page can be navigated sequentially and the navigation sequences affect meaning or operation, focusable components receive focus in an order that preserves meaning and operability. (Level A)

Supports

The site’s components receive focus in a meaningful order.

2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context): The purpose of each link can be determined from the link text alone or from the link text together with its programmatically determined link context, except where the purpose of the link would be ambiguous to users in general. (Level A)

Supports

The purpose of each link in the site can be determined from the link text alone or from the programmatic context of the link.

2.5.1 Pointer Gestures: All functionality that uses multipoint or path-based gestures for operation can be operated with a single pointer without a path-based gesture, unless a multipoint or path-based gesture is essential. (Level A)

Supports

The site does not rely on multipoint or path-based gestures.

2.5.2 Pointer Cancellation: For functionality that can be operated using a single pointer, at least one of the following is true:

No Down-Even: The down-event of the pointer is not used to execute any part of the function;
Abort or Undo: Completion of the function is on the up-event, and a mechanism is available to abort the function before completion or to undo the function after completion;
Up Reversal: The up-event reverses any outcome of the preceding down-event;
Essential: Completing the function on the down-event is essential.

(Level A)

Supports

The site functions that use a single pointer are completed when the user releases the pointer.

2.5.3 Label in Name:  For user interface components with labels that include text or images of text, the name contains the text that is presented visually. (Level A)

Supports

The accessible name of each user interface component that includes a visible text label corresponds to that label text.

2.5.4 Motion Actuation: Functionality that can be operated by device motion or user motion can also be operated by user interface components and responding to the motion can be disabled to prevent accidental actuation, except when:

Supported Interface: The motion is used to operate functionality through an accessibility supported interface;

Essential: The motion is essential for the function and doing so would invalidate the activity.

(Level A)

Not Applicable

The site does not have functionality operated by device motion or user motion.

3.1.1 Language of Page: The default human language of each Web page can be programmatically determined. (Level A)

Supports

The default language of the site’s webpage is identified using the lang attribute in the html element.

3.2.1 On Focus: When any component receives focus, it does not initiate a change of context. (Level A)

Supports

The site’s components do not initiate a change of context when focused.

3.2.2 On Input: Changing the setting of any user interface component does not automatically cause a change of context unless the user has been advised of the behavior before using the component. (Level A)

Supports

Changes of context do not occur automatically on user input.

3.3.1 Error Identification: If an input error is automatically detected, the item that is in error is identified and the error is described to the user in text. (Level A)

Not Applicable

There is not automatic error detection on the site.

3.3.2 Labels or Instructions: Labels or instructions are provided when content requires user input. (Level A)

Supports

A label is provided for each of the site’s input fields.

4.1.1 Parsing: In content implemented using markup languages, elements have complete start and end tags, elements are nested according to their specifications, elements do not contain duplicate attributes, and any IDs are unique, except where the specifications allow these features. (Level A)

Supports

The site’s pages uses semantically correct markup for all interface elements; has complete start and end tags; and has tags with  unique ID values.

4.1.2 Name, Role, Value: For all user interface components (including but not limited to: form elements, links and components generated by scripts), the name and role can be programmatically determined; states, properties, and values that can be set by the user can be programmatically set; and notification of changes to these items is available to user agents, including assistive technologies. (Level A)

Supports

The site makes consistent use of aria-label to achieve compliance.

Table 2: Success Criteria, Level AA

Criteria Conformance Level Remarks and Explanations

1.2.4 Captions (Live): Captions are provided for all live audio content in synchronized media. (Level AA)

Not Applicable

There is no live audio content on the site.

1.2.5 Audio Description (Prerecorded): Audio description is provided for all prerecorded video content in synchronized media. (Level AA)

Not Applicable

There is no prerecorded video available to the public on the website.

1.3.4 Orientation: Content does not restrict its view and operation to a single display orientation, such as portrait or landscape, unless a specific display orientation is essential. (Level AA)

Supports

The content of the site does not restrict its view and operation to a single display orientation.

1.3.5 Identify Input Purpose:

The purpose of each input field collecting information about the user can be programmatically determined when:

(Level AA)

Not Applicable

The site does not contain input fields that require the user to enter personally identifiable information.

1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum): The visual presentation of text and images of text has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1, except for the following: (Level AA)

  • Large Text: Large-scale text and images of large-scale text have a contrast ratio of at least 3:1;
  • Incidental: Text or images of text that are part of an inactive user interface component, that are pure decoration, that are not visible to anyone, or that are part of a picture that contains significant other visual content, have no contrast requirement.
  • Logotypes: Text that is part of a logo or brand name has no minimum contrast requirement.

(Level AA)

Supports

All text meets minimum contrast levels.

1.4.4 Resize text: Except for captions and images of texttext can be resized without assistive technology up to 200 percent without loss of content or functionality. (Level AA)

Supports

Text can be resized up to 200%.

1.4.5 Images of Text: If the technologies being used can achieve the visual presentation, text is used to convey information rather than images of text except for the following: (Level AA)

  • Customizable: The image of text can be visually customized to the user’s requirements;
  • Essential: A particular presentation of text is essential to the information being conveyed.

(Level AA)

Supports

The site use images rather than text.

1.4.10 Reflow: Content can be presented without loss of information or functionality, and without requiring scrolling in two dimensions for:

  • Vertical scrolling content at a width equivalent to 320 CSS pixels;
  • Horizontal scrolling content at a height equivalent to 256 CSS pixels.

Except for parts of the content which require two-dimensional layout for usage or meaning.

(Level AA)

Supports

The vast majority of the site requires no two way scrolling.  The only exception being tables included in articles which per the spec “require two-dimensional layout for usage or meaning”

1.4.11 Non-text Contrast: The visual presentation of the following have a contrast ratio of at least 3:1 against adjacent color(s):

User Interface Components
Visual information required to identify user interface components and states, except for inactive components or where the appearance of the component is determined by the user agent and not modified by the author;
Graphical Objects
Parts of graphics required to understand the content, except when a particular presentation of graphics is essential to the information being conveyed.

(Level AA)

Supports

Non-text content elements in the site have sufficient contrast.

1.4.12 Text Spacing:  In content implemented using markup languages that support the following text style properties, no loss of content or functionality occurs by setting all of the following and by changing no other style property:

  • Line height (line spacing) to at least 1.5 times the font size;
  • Spacing following paragraphs to at least 2 times the font size;
  • Letter spacing (tracking) to at least 0.12 times the font size;
  • Word spacing to at least 0.16 times the font size.

Exception: Human languages and scripts that do not make use of one or more of these text style properties in written text can conform using only the properties that exist for that combination of language and script.
(Level AA)

Supports

No loss of content or functionality occurs.

1.4.13 Content on Hover or Focus: Where receiving and then removing pointer hover or keyboard focus triggers additional content to become visible and then hidden, the following are true:

Dismissible
mechanism is available to dismiss the additional content without moving pointer hover or keyboard focus, unless the additional content communicates an input error or does not obscure or replace other content;
Hoverable
If pointer hover can trigger the additional content, then the pointer can be moved over the additional content without the additional content disappearing;
Persistent
The additional content remains visible until the hover or focus trigger is removed, the user dismisses it, or its information is no longer valid.

Exception: The visual presentation of the additional content is controlled by the user agent and is not modified by the author.
(Level AA)

Partially Supports

The “Read More” links on the homepage articles are the only exception.  They meet the standard for Hoverable and Persistent.

2.4.5 Multiple Ways: More than one way is available to locate a Web page within a set of Web pages except where the Web Page is the result of, or a step in, a process. (Level AA)

Supports

Users may search the site, see the latest issue, browse by volume or browse by category.

2.4.6 Headings and Labels: Headings and labels describe topic or purpose. (Level AA)

Supports

2.4.7 Focus Visible: Any keyboard operable user interface has a mode of operation where the keyboard focus indicator is visible. (Level AA)

Supports

Focused elements provide a visible outline, change in text color, or change in background color.

3.1.2 Language of Parts: The human language of each passage or phrase in the content can be programmatically determined except for proper names, technical terms, words of indeterminate language, and words or phrases that have become part of the vernacular of the immediately surrounding text. (Level AA)

Supports

Within the site’s webpage, the language of each portion of the page is programmatically determinable.

3.2.3 Consistent Navigation: Navigational mechanisms that are repeated on multiple Web pages within a set of Web pages occur in the same relative order each time they are repeated, unless a change is initiated by the user. (Level AA)

Supports

The site provides consistent and repeatable navigation.

3.2.4 Consistent Identification: Components that have the same functionality within a set of Web pages are identified consistently. (Level AA)

Supports

Components that have the same functionality within the site are identified consistently.

3.3.3 Error Suggestion: If an input error is automatically detected and suggestions for correction are known, then the suggestions are provided to the user, unless it would jeopardize the security or purpose of the content. (Level AA)

Not Applicable

The site does not provide use automatically detected errors.